This directory contains alignments of the following assemblies:

  - target/reference: D. melanogaster
    (dm3, Apr. 2006 (BDGP R5/dm3),
    BDGP Release 5)

  - query: D. simulans
    (droSim2, Sep. 2014 (ASM75419v2/droSim2),
    Princeton University)

Files included in this directory:

  - md5sum.txt: md5sum checksums for the files in this directory

  - dm3.droSim2.all.chain.gz: chained blastz alignments. The chain format is
    described in http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/chain.html .

  - dm3.droSim2.net.gz: "net" file that describes rearrangements between
    the species and the best D. simulans match to any part of the
    D. melanogaster genome.  The net format is described in
    http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/net.html .

  - axtNet/*.dm3.droSim2.net.axt.gz: chained and netted alignments,
    i.e. the best chains in the D. melanogaster genome, with gaps in the best
    chains filled in by next-best chains where possible.  The axt format is
    described in http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/axt.html .

  - mafSynNet/*.maf.gz - filtered net files for syntenic alignments
               only, in MAF format, see also, description of MAF format:
               http://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat.html#format5

  - reciprocalBest/ directory, contains reciprocal-best netted chains
    for dm3-droSim2

The dm3 and droSim2 assemblies were aligned by the blastz alignment
program, which is available from Webb Miller's lab at Penn State
University (http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/).  Any sequences larger
than 5,010,000 bases were split into chunks of 5,010,000 bases
overlapping by 10,000 bases for alignment.  Following alignment, the
coordinates of the chunk alignments were corrected by the
blastz-normalizeLav script written by Scott Schwartz of Penn State. 

The blastz scoring matrix (Q parameter) used was:

             A    C    G    T
      A     91  -90  -25 -100
      C    -90  100 -100  -25
      G    -25 -100  100  -90
      T   -100  -25  -90  91

with a gap open penalty of O=400 and a gap extension penalty of E=30.
The minimum score for an alignment to be kept was K=2200 for the first pass
and L=4000 for the second pass, which restricted the search space to the
regions between two alignments found in the first pass.  The minimum
score for alignments to be interpolated between was H=2000.  Other blastz
parameters specifically set for this species pair:
    Y=3400

The .lav format blastz output was translated to the .psl format with
lavToPsl, then chained by the axtChain program.

Chain minimum score: 3000, and linearGap matrix of (loose):
tablesize   11
smallSize   111
position  1   2   3   11  111 2111  12111 32111 72111 152111  252111
qGap    325 360 400  450  600 1100   3600  7600 15600  31600   56600
tGap    325 360 400  450  600 1100   3600  7600 15600  31600   56600
bothGap 625 660 700  750  900 1400   4000  8000 16000  32000   57000

Chained alignments were processed into nets by the chainNet, netSyntenic,
and netClass programs.
Best-chain alignments in axt format were extracted by the netToAxt program.
All programs run after blastz were written by Jim Kent at UCSC.

----------------------------------------------------------------
If you plan to download a large file or multiple files from this directory,
we recommend you use ftp rather than downloading the files via our website.
To do so, ftp to hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu, then go to the directory
goldenPath/dm3/vsDroSim2/. To download multiple files, use the "mget"
command:

    mget <filename1> <filename2> ...
    - or -
    mget -a (to download all files in the current directory)

All files in this directory are freely available for public use.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
References

Chiaromonte F, Yap VB, Miller W. Scoring pairwise genomic sequence
alignments. Pac Symp Biocomput.  2002:115-26.

Kent WJ, Baertsch R, Hinrichs A, Miller W, Haussler D.
Evolution's cauldron: Duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the
mouse and human genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep
30;100(20):11484-9.

Schwartz S, Kent WJ, Smit A, Zhang Z, Baertsch R, Hardison RC,
Haussler D, Miller W. Human-Mouse Alignments with BLASTZ. Genome
Res. 2003 Jan;13(1):103-7.

      Name                     Last modified      Size  Description
Parent Directory - UCSCGenes/ 2009-05-19 11:04 - axtNet/ 2016-11-01 17:07 - bigZips/ 2020-02-05 10:31 - chromosomes/ 2010-04-06 12:10 - customTracks/ 2014-11-07 10:25 - database/ 2024-11-03 04:13 - dm3.droSim2.all.chain.gz 2016-11-01 17:02 20M dm3.droSim2.net.gz 2016-11-01 17:06 6.4M download.time 2008-11-01 13:40 11 liftOver/ 2022-01-07 15:05 - mafSynNet/ 2016-11-01 17:08 - md5sum.txt 2016-11-01 17:07 1.2K multiz15way/ 2011-02-24 14:18 - phastCons15way/ 2007-07-05 14:13 - reciprocalBest/ 2016-11-02 10:23 - vsAnoGam1/ 2007-07-11 14:27 - vsApiMel3/ 2007-07-11 14:28 - vsDp3/ 2007-07-05 14:14 - vsDp4/ 2007-07-05 16:00 - vsDroAna2/ 2007-07-05 14:14 - vsDroAna3/ 2007-07-05 14:15 - vsDroEre1/ 2007-07-05 14:15 - vsDroEre2/ 2007-07-05 14:15 - vsDroGri2/ 2007-07-05 14:16 - vsDroMoj3/ 2007-07-05 14:16 - vsDroPer1/ 2007-07-05 14:17 - vsDroSec1/ 2007-07-05 14:17 - vsDroSim1/ 2007-07-05 14:17 - vsDroSim2/ 2016-11-02 14:20 - vsDroVir2/ 2018-01-11 11:52 - vsDroVir3/ 2007-07-05 14:18 - vsDroWil1/ 2007-07-05 14:18 - vsDroYak2/ 2007-07-05 14:18 - vsTriCas2/ 2007-07-05 14:19 -